Kuva mu myaka ya za 90, kubera ikoreshwa ryinshi rya plastiki, impapuro nibindi bikoresho, cyane cyane kwiyongera byihuse mu gukoresha ibikoresho bya PET, ibikoresho by’ibirahure gakondo, byahuye n’ikibazo gikomeye.Kugirango tugumane umwanya wacyo mumarushanwa akaze yo kubaho hamwe nibindi bikoresho, nkumushinga wibikoresho byibirahure, birakenewe ko dukoresha byimazeyo ibyiza byibikoresho byibirahure kandi tugakomeza guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya rishobora gukurura abaguzi, kuri kora.Ibikurikira nintangiriro yiterambere rya tekiniki yiki kibazo.Ikirahuri gisobanutse, kitagira ibara, kibonerana kibuza imirase ya ultraviolet.Ikintu cyihariye kiranga ibirahuri, nkuko bitandukanye nibindi bikoresho cyangwa impapuro, ni mucyo ibintu bishobora kugaragara neza.Ariko kubwibi, urumuri rwo hanze, narwo rworoshye cyane kunyura muri kontineri no gutera ibintu nabi.Kurugero, ibiri muri byeri cyangwa ibindi binyobwa byerekanwe nizuba igihe kirekire, bizabyara impumuro idasanzwe kandi bishire.Mu bikubiye mu kwangirika guterwa n’umucyo, ibyangiza cyane ni uburebure bwa 280-400 nm ya ultraviolet.Mugukoresha ibikoresho byibirahure, ibirimo byerekana neza ibara ryukuri imbere yabaguzi kandi nuburyo bwingenzi bwo kwerekana ibiranga ibicuruzwa.Kubwibyo, abakoresha ibikoresho byibirahure, twizeye cyane ko hazabaho umucyo utagira ibara, kandi ushobora guhagarika imirasire ya ultraviolet yibicuruzwa bishya.Kugirango iki kibazo gikemuke, ubwoko bwikirahure kitagira ibara kibonerana cyitwa UVAFlint gishobora gukuramo ultraviolet (UVA bivuze gukuramo ultraviolet, ultraviolet) cyakozwe vuba aha.Ikozwe mukongeramo okiside yicyuma ishobora gukurura imirasire ya ultraviolet kumirahuri kuruhande rumwe, kandi ikifashisha ingaruka zuzuzanya zamabara, hanyuma ukongeramo ibyuma cyangwa okiside kugirango ibirahuri byamabara bishire.Kugeza ubu, ibirahuri bya UVA byubucuruzi byongeweho muri rusange Vanadium Oxide (v 2O 5), cerium oxyde (Ce o 2) oxyde ebyiri.Kuberako hakenewe bike bya oxyde ya vanadium kugirango igere ku ngaruka zifuzwa, inzira yo gushonga isaba gusa ikigega cyihariye cyo kugaburira ibiryo, gikwiriye cyane cyane kubyara umusaruro muto.Ikwirakwizwa ryumucyo wa mm 3,5 z'ubugari bwa UVA ikirahuri hamwe nikirahuri gisanzwe byatoranijwe kubushake bwa 330 nm.Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko kohereza ibirahuri bisanzwe byari 60,6%, naho ikirahure cya UVA cyari 2.5% gusa.Byongeye kandi, ikizamini cyo kuzimya cyakozwe hifashishijwe imirasire yubururu bwa pigment yubururu ikubiye mubirahuri bisanzwe hamwe na UVA ibirahuri hamwe nimirasire ya ultraviolet ya 14.4 j / m2.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko igipimo gisigara cyamabara mubirahuri bisanzwe byari 20% gusa, kandi hafi yabuze mubirahure bya UVA.Ikizamini cyo gutandukanya cyemeje ko ikirahure cya UVA gifite umurimo wo guhagarika gucika neza.Ikizamini cyo kumirasire yizuba kuri divayi icupa ryuzuye icupa ryikirahure hamwe nicupa ryikirahure cya UVA byerekanaga kandi ko divayi yahoze ifite ibara ryinshi kandi rifite uburyohe bwo kwangirika kurenza ubwa nyuma.Icya kabiri, Ikirahure kirimo mbere-label Iterambere, ikirango ni isura yibicuruzwa, ni ikimenyetso cyibicuruzwa bitandukanye, abaguzi benshi kugirango basuzume agaciro k'ibicuruzwa.Birumvikana rero ko ikirango kigomba kuba cyiza kandi gishimishije.Ariko igihe kinini, abakora ibirahuri bakunze guhangayikishwa nakazi katoroshye nko gucapa ibirango, kuranga cyangwa gucunga imirima.Kugirango dukemure iki kibazo, turatanga ibyoroshye, ubu bamwe mubakora ibikoresho byibirahure bazahuzwa cyangwa byanditswe mbere byanditse kuri kontineri, ibyo bita "pre-attach labels.“.Mubikoresho byibirahure byabanje gushyirwaho ibirango mubusanzwe ni ibirango byoroshye, ibirango byinkoni hamwe nibirango byandika byanditse, hamwe nibirango byinkoni hamwe nigitutu-inkoni hamwe nubushuhe-bushingiye ku bushyuhe, ibirango.Imbere-label irashobora kwihanganira uburyo bwo gusukura, kuzuza no kuboneza urubyaro ntabwo byangiritse, kandi byoroshe gutunganya ibikoresho, ibirahuri bimwe, ibikoresho bishobora kumeneka kugirango birinde imyanda iguruka, hamwe nibikorwa bya buffer.Ikiranga igitutu-gifata ikirango ni uko kubaho kwa label ya label bidashobora kumvikana, kandi ibirango byonyine byerekanwa bishobora kugaragara hejuru yikintu nkaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gucapa.Nyamara, igiciro cyacyo ni kinini, nubwo gukoresha ikirango cyumuvuduko wikirango cyiyongereyeho gato, ariko ntikirashiraho isoko rinini.Impamvu nyamukuru yibiciro bihanitse bya stikeri nuko igiciro cyikarito substrate ikoreshwa kuri sticker ari kinini kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa.Kugirango bigerweho, Yamamura Glass Co., Ltd. itangiye ubushakashatsi kandi iterambere ntabwo, hamwe na label ya substrate.Ikindi kizwi cyane ni ubushyuhe-bwitondewe bwa Sticky Label, bwigeze gushyuha hamwe nubwiza bwiza.Nyuma yo kunoza ibifatika kuri Label itumva ubushyuhe, kuvura hejuru yikintu, hamwe nuburyo bwo gushyushya, uburyo bwo gukaraba ikirango bwarahinduwe cyane, kandi igiciro cyaragabanutse cyane, gikoreshwa mumacupa 300 kumunota wuzuye.Ubushyuhe-bwibanze mbere yikimenyetso na label-igitutu kirashobora kubona neza ibiyirimo bitandukanye cyane, kandi ifite n'ibiranga igiciro gito, irashobora kwihanganira gukubitwa bitangiritse, kandi irashobora kwihanganira imiti ikonje nyuma yo kuyifata.Ubushyuhe-bushyizeho ikirango gifite uburebure bwa 38 m PET resin, bikozwe, aho bisizwe hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bukora neza.Nta mpinduka zidasanzwe zabonetse nyuma yuko ibirango byinjijwe mumazi kuri 11 ° C muminsi 3, bigashyirwa kuri 73 ° C muminota 30 hanyuma bigatekwa kuri 100 ° C muminota 30.Ubuso bwa label burashobora gucapishwa mumabara atandukanye, cyangwa bugacapwa kuruhande, kugirango wirinde kugongana mugihe cyo gutwara no kwangiza hejuru yicapiro.Imikoreshereze yiyi pre-label iteganijwe kwagura cyane isoko ryamacupa yikirahure.
3. Gutezimbere ibirahuri byuzuye ibirahuri.Kugirango uhuze ibikenewe ku isoko, abakiriya benshi kandi bafite ibirahuri byinshi bashyize imbere ibintu bitandukanye, byinshi-bikora kandi bito bito bisabwa ku ibara, imiterere na label yikintu, nkibara ryibikoresho, ibisabwa byombi birashobora erekana isura itandukanye, ariko kandi kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwa UV kubirimo.Amacupa ya byeri arashobora kuba Tan, icyatsi cyangwa se umukara kugirango uhagarike imirasire ya UV kandi ugere kubitandukanye.Nyamara, mugikorwa cyo gukora ibikoresho byibirahure, ibara rimwe riragoye, naho irindi ni ibirahure byinshi bivanze nikirahure cyikirahure ntabwo byoroshye kubisubiramo.Nkigisubizo, abakora ibirahuri bagiye bashaka kugabanya amabara atandukanye yibirahure.Kugirango ugere kuriyi ntego, hakozwe ikintu cyikirahure cyometseho firime ya polymer hejuru yikirahure.Filime irashobora gukorwa muburyo butandukanye bwamabara nuburyo bugaragara, nkibirahuri byubutaka, kugirango ikirahure gishobora kugabanya amabara atandukanye.Niba igifuniko gishobora gukuramo UV polymerisation ya firime, ibikoresho byikirahure birashobora gukorwa ibara ritagaragara, gukina birashobora kubona neza ibyiza byibirimo.Ubunini bwa firime isize polymer ni 5-20 M, ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku gutunganya ibikoresho byabirahure.Kuberako ibara ryibikoresho byikirahure bigenwa nibara rya firime, nubwo ubwoko bwose bwibirahure bimenetse bivanze hamwe, nabyo ntibibuza gutunganya, bityo rero birashobora kuzamura cyane igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa, ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kurengera ibidukikije.Ikirahure cya firime yikirahure nayo ifite ibyiza bikurikira: irashobora gukumira kwangirika kwamacupa yikirahure yatewe no kugongana no guterana amagambo hagati yabyo, irashobora gupfundikira ikirahure cyumwimerere, ibyangiritse byoroheje, kandi birashobora kongera imbaraga zo kwikuramo ibintu. hejuru ya 40%.Binyuze mu kigeragezo cyangiritse cyangiritse mumurongo wuzuye, byaragaragaye ko ishobora gukoreshwa neza mumurongo wo kubyara wuzuza amacupa 1000 kumasaha.Cyane cyane kubera ingaruka zo kwisiga za firime hejuru, kurwanya ihungabana ryibikoresho byikirahure mugihe cyo gutwara cyangwa kuzuza byateye imbere cyane.Twakwanzura ko kumenyekanisha no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya firime, hamwe nuburemere bwibishushanyo mbonera by’icupa, bizaba inzira yingenzi yo kwagura isoko ryibikoresho byibirahure mugihe kizaza.Kurugero, Isosiyete Yamamura Glass Company yo mu Buyapani mu 1998 yateje imbere kandi itanga isura yikirahure gikonjesha ikirahure cyuzuye ibirahuri, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Alkali (kwibiza mumuti wa alkali 3% mumasaha arenga 1 kuri 70 ° C), kurwanya ikirere (guhora uhura nikirere kumasaha 60 hanze), kwangiza ibyangiritse (bigereranijwe kwiruka muminota 10 kumurongo wuzuye) no kohereza ultraviolet.Ibisubizo byerekana ko firime ya coating ifite ibintu byiza.4. Iterambere ry icupa ryibirahure ryibidukikije.Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko buri 10% byiyongera ku kigereranyo cy’ibirahure by’imyanda mu bikoresho fatizo bishobora kugabanya ingufu zo gushonga 2,5% na 3.5%.5% bya CO 2 byangiza.Nkuko twese tubizi, hamwe n’ibura ry’amikoro ku isi ndetse n’ingaruka zikomeye z’ibidukikije, kugira ngo tuzigame umutungo, kugabanya ibicuruzwa no kugabanya umwanda nk’ibintu nyamukuru, ibikubiye mu gukangurira abantu ibidukikije no kwita ku isi yose.Kubwibyo, abantu bazigama ingufu kandi bagabanye umwanda kugirango bajugunye ibirahuri nkibikoresho fatizo byibikoresho byibirahure bizwi nka "icupa ryibirahure ryibidukikije.“.Birumvikana ko kumva neza "ikirahure cyibidukikije", bisaba igipimo cyikirahure cyanduye kirenga 90%.Kugirango habeho ibikoresho byikirahure byujuje ubuziranenge hamwe nikirahure cyimyanda nkibikoresho nyamukuru, ibibazo byingenzi bigomba gukemurwa nuburyo bwo kwikuramo ibintu byamahanga (nkibyuma byangiza imyanda, ibice bya farashi) bivanze mubirahure, kandi uburyo bwo gukuraho umwuka mubi mu kirahure.Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rito ryo gusebanya gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry’ifu y’ikirahure hamwe n’ubushyuhe buke bwo gushonga kugirango hamenyekane umubiri w’amahanga no kurandura byinjiye mu bikorwa bifatika.Nta gushidikanya ko ikirahure cyongeye gukoreshwa kivanze n’ibara, kugirango ubone ibara rishimishije nyuma yo gushonga, birashobora gufatwa mugushonga kugirango wongereho okiside yicyuma, uburyo bwibintu, nko kongeramo okiside ya cobalt irashobora gutuma ikirahuri cyatsi kibisi, nibindi.Umusaruro w’ibirahure by’ibidukikije washyigikiwe kandi ushishikarizwa na guverinoma zitandukanye.By'umwihariko, Ubuyapani bwafashe ingamba zikomeye mu gukora ibirahuri.Mu 1992, yahawe n'ikigo gishinzwe gupakira ibintu (WPO) kubera gukora no gushyira mu bikorwa “ECO-GLASS” hamwe n'ibirahure by'imyanda 100% nk'ibikoresho fatizo.Ariko, kuri ubu, igipimo cy '“ikirahure cy’ibidukikije” kiracyari gito, ndetse no mu Buyapani bangana na 5% by’ubunini bw’ibikoresho by’ibirahure.Ikirahure ni ibikoresho gakondo bipakira bifite amateka maremare, bifitanye isano rya bugufi nubuzima bwabantu mumyaka irenga 300.Ni byiza gukoresha, byoroshye gusubiramo, kandi ntibizanduza ibirimo cyangwa ikirahure.Nyamara, nkuko byavuzwe mu ntangiriro yuru rupapuro, ihura n’ibibazo bikomeye nkibikoresho byo gupakira polymer, bityo rero uburyo bwo gushimangira umusaruro w ibirahure, guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya, guha amahirwe yose ibyiza byibikoresho byibirahure, inganda zikoresha ibirahure zihura na ikibazo gishya.Nizere ko inzira za tekinike zavuzwe haruguru, ku nganda, umurenge gutanga ibisobanuro bifatika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 11 月 -25-2020
