Ukususela kwiminyaka yee-1990, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweplastiki, amaphepha kunye nezinye izitya zezixhobo, ngokukodwa ukunyuka okukhawulezayo kokusetyenziswa kwe-PET izitya, izitya zeglasi zendabuko, zijongene nomngeni onzima.Ukuze sigcine isikhundla saso kukhuphiswano oluqatha lokusinda kunye nezinye izikhongozeli zezinto eziphathekayo, njengomvelisi wezikhongozeli zeglasi, kuyimfuneko ukuba sisebenzise ngokupheleleyo iingenelo zezikhongozeli zeglasi kwaye siqhubeke siphuhlisa itekhnoloji entsha enokutsala abathengi, yenze isebenze.Oku kulandelayo sintshayelelo kuphuhliso lobugcisa kulo mba.Isikhongozeli seglasi esicacileyo, esingenambala, esicacileyo esithintela imitha ye-ultraviolet.Olona phawu lwahlukileyo lwezikhongozeli zeglasi, njengoko zahlukile kwezinye iitoti okanye izikhongozelo zephepha, kukungafihli apho okuqulathiweyo kunokubonwa ngokucacileyo.Kodwa ngenxa yoku, ukukhanya kwangaphandle, kulula kakhulu ukudlula kwisitya kwaye kubangele ukuwohloka komxholo.Umzekelo, imixholo yebhiya okanye ezinye iziselo ezivezwe elangeni ixesha elide, ziya kuvelisa ivumba elingaqhelekanga kunye ne-fade phenomenon.Kumxholo wokuwohloka okubangelwa kukukhanya, eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu yi-wavelength ye-280-400 nm ye-ultraviolet.Ekusetyenzisweni kweeglasi zeglasi, umxholo ubonisa ngokucacileyo umbala wayo oyinyaniso phambi kwabathengi kwaye yindlela ebalulekileyo yokubonisa iimpawu zayo zempahla.Ngoko ke, abasebenzisi bemigqomo yeglasi, kunethemba elikhulu lokuba kuya kubakho ukukhanya okungenambala, kwaye kunokuthintela imisebe ye-ultraviolet yeemveliso ezintsha.Ukuze kusonjululwe le ngxaki, uhlobo lweglasi engenambala ecacileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-UVAFlint ekwazi ukufunxa i-ultraviolet (i-UVA ithetha ukufunxa i-ultraviolet, i-ultraviolet) iphuhliswe kutshanje.Yenziwa ngokongeza i-oxides zentsimbi ezinokufunxa imitha ye-ultraviolet kwiglasi kwelinye icala, kwaye ithathe ithuba lesiphumo esihambelanayo sombala, kwaye yongeze ezinye iintsimbi okanye ii-oxides zazo ukwenza iglasi enemibala iphele.Okwangoku, iglasi ye-UVA yorhwebo yongezwa ngokubanzi i-Vanadium Oxide (v 2O 5) , i-cerium oxide (Ce o 2) i-oxides ezimbini zetsimbi.Ngenxa yokuba kuphela inani elincinci le-vanadium oxide lifunekayo ukufezekisa umphumo oyifunayo, inkqubo yokunyibilika idinga kuphela itanki ekhethekileyo yokondla i-additive, efanelekileyo kakhulu kwimveliso encinci.Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwe-3.5 mm ubukhulu beglasi ye-UVA kunye neglasi eqhelekileyo yathathwa ngokungacwangciswanga kwi-330 nm ubude bobude.Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba ukuhanjiswa kweglasi eqhelekileyo yi-60.6%, kwaye iglasi ye-UVA yayiyi-2.5% kuphela.Ukongezelela, uvavanyo lokuphelelwa amandla lwenziwa ngokufaka i-irradiating iisampulu ze-pigment eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezifakwe kwiglasi eqhelekileyo kunye nezikhongozeli zeglasi ze-UVA ezinemitha ye-ultraviolet ye-14.4 j/m2.Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba ireyithi yentsalela yombala kwiglasi eqhelekileyo yayingama-20% kuphela, kwaye phantse akukho kufiphala kufunyenwe kwiglasi ye-UVA.Uvavanyo oluchaseneyo luqinisekisile ukuba iglasi ye-UVA inomsebenzi wokuyeka ukucima ngokufanelekileyo.Uvavanyo lwemitha yelanga kwibhotile yewayini enebhotile yeglasi eqhelekileyo kunye nebhotile yeglasi ye-UVA nayo ibonise ukuba iwayini yangaphambili yayineqondo eliphezulu lokujika kombala kunye nokuwohloka kwencasa kuneyamva.Okwesibini, i-Glass Container Pre-label Development, ileyibhile ubuso bempahla, luphawu lweempahla ezahlukeneyo, uninzi lwabathengi ukugweba ixabiso lempahla ngayo.Ke ngokuqinisekileyo ileyibhile kufuneka ibe ntle kwaye ithande ukutsala amehlo.Kodwa ixesha elide, abavelisi bezikhongozelo zeglasi bahlala bekhathazwa ngumsebenzi onzima njengoshicilelo lweleyibhile, ukuleyibhile okanye ulawulo lweleyibhile yasendle.Ukuze kusonjululwe le ngxaki, sibonelela ngokulula, ngoku abanye abavelisi bemigqomo yeglasi baya kuncanyathiselwa okanye baprinte iilebhile kwangaphambili kwisikhongozeli, esibizwa ngokuba “ziiileyibhile ezincanyathiselwe ngaphambili.“.Kwizikhongozeli zeglasi iilebhile ezincanyathiselwe ngaphambili zidla ngokuba ziilebhile ezilastiki, iileyibhile ezincamathelayo kunye neelebhile zokuprinta ngokuthe ngqo, kunye neelebhile ezincamathelayo kunye neeleyibhile ezincamathelayo kunye neelebhile ezincangathi ezingevayo kubushushu, iilebhile.Ileyibhile yangaphambili inokumelana nenkqubo yokucoca ukucoca, ukuzaliswa kunye neenkqubo zokuvala inzala azonakaliswa, kwaye ziququzelele ukugaywa kwakhona kwezikhongozeli, ezinye iglasi, izitya zinokwaphulwa ukukhusela i-debris flying, kunye nokusebenza kwe-buffer.Uphawu lweleyibhile yokuncamathelisa uxinzelelo kukuba ubukho befilimu yeleyibhile abunakuvakala, kwaye kuphela umxholo weleyibhile oza kuboniswa unokuvela kumphezulu wesitya ngokungathi yindlela yokushicilela ngokuthe ngqo.Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso layo liphezulu, nangona ukusetyenziswa kweleyibhile yokuncamathela yoxinzelelo kunyukile kancinci, kodwa akukabikho imarike enkulu.Esona sizathu siphambili sexabiso eliphezulu lesincamathelisi kukuba ixabiso lekhadibhodi esetyenziselwe isitikha liphezulu kwaye alinakuphinda lisetyenziswe.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Yamamura Glass Co., Ltd. iqala uphando kunye nophuhliso alukho, kunye neleyibhile yoxinzelelo lwe-substrate.Enye into edume kakhulu yiLeyibhile eSticky ezivayo kubushushu, ekhe yafudunyezwa nge-viscosity entle.Emva kokuphuculwa kwe-adhesive kwi-Label-sensitive Ileyibhile, unyango lomphezulu wesitya, kunye nendlela yokufudumala, ukuchasana kokuhlamba kweleyibhile kuphuculwe kakhulu, kwaye iindleko zincitshiswe kakhulu, zisetyenziswe kwiibhotile ze-300. ngomzuzu umgca wokuzalisa.Ileyibhile ye-pre-sensitive pre-stick kunye neleyibhile ye-pressure-stick inokubona ngokucacileyo imixholo eyohluka kakhulu, kwaye ineempawu zexabiso eliphantsi, inokumelana nokukhuhla ngaphandle kokulimala, kwaye inokumelana nonyango lomkhenkce emva kokuncamathela.Ileyibhile ye-adhesive ehambelana nobushushu kunye nobukhulu be-38 m PET resin, eyenziwe, apho ifakwe i-adhesive esebenzayo yobushushu obuphezulu.Akukho tshintsho lungaqhelekanga lufunyenweyo emva kokuba iilebhile zifakwe emanzini kwi-11 °C iintsuku ezi-3, i-pasteurized kwi-73 °C imizuzu engama-30 kwaye ibiliswa kwi-100 °C imizuzu engama-30.Umphezulu weleyibhile unokuprintwa ngemibala eyahlukeneyo, okanye uprinte kwicala elingasemva, ukuze ugweme ukungqubana ngexesha lokuthutha kunye nomonakalo kwindawo yokushicilela.Ukusetyenziswa kwale lebhile yangaphambili kulindeleke ukuba kwandise kakhulu imfuno yentengiso yeebhotile zeglasi.
3. Ukuphuhliswa kwefilimu egqunywe ngesikhongozeli seglasi.Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zemarike, ngakumbi nangakumbi abathengi beglasi yesikhongozeli baye babeka phambili ezahlukeneyo, ezininzi ezisebenzayo kunye neemfuno zebhetshi ezincinci kumbala, imilo kunye neleyibhile yesikhongozeli, njengombala wesikhongozeli, zombini iimfuno bonisa inkangeleko yomahluko, kodwa nokuthintela umonakalo we-UV kumxholo.Iibhotile zebhiya zinokuba yiTan, zibe luhlaza okanye zibe mnyama ukuze zithintele imitha ye-UV kunye nokufezekisa inkangeleko eyahlukileyo.Nangona kunjalo, kwinkqubo yokwenza izikhongozeli zeglasi, umbala omnye unzima ngakumbi, kwaye omnye ubuninzi beglasi yenkunkuma yombala oxubeneyo akulula ukuyibuyisela kwakhona.Ngenxa yoko, abenzi beglasi bebesoloko befuna ukunciphisa iindidi zemibala yeglasi.Ukuze ufezekise le njongo, isitya seglasi esifakwe ifilimu yepolymer phezu kwesitya seglasi saveliswa.Ifilimu inokwenziwa kwiindidi zemibala kunye neemilo zembonakalo, ezifana nokumila kweglasi yomhlaba, ukwenzela ukuba iglasi inokunciphisa iindidi zemibala.Ukuba i-coating iyakwazi ukufunxa ifilimu ye-polymerization ye-UV, izikhongozelo zeglasi zingenziwa zingabonakali mbala, umdlalo unokubona ngokucacileyo izibonelelo zomxholo.Ubunzima befilimu efakwe kwi-polymer yi-5-20 M, engachaphazeli ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izitya zeglasi.Ngenxa yokuba umbala wesitya seglasi ugqitywe ngumbala wefilimu, nokuba zonke iintlobo zeglasi ezaphukileyo zixutywe kunye, nazo azithinteli ukuphinda zisetyenziswe, ngoko kunokuphucula kakhulu izinga lokuphinda kusetyenziswe, kuluncedo kakhulu kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.Isingxobo seglasi yefilimu egqunyiweyo sikwanazo ezi nzuzo zilandelayo: inokuthintela umonakalo ongaphezulu webhotile yeglasi obangelwa kukungqubana kunye nokungqubana phakathi kwezikhongozeli, inokugquma isitya seglasi sokuqala, umonakalo omncinci, kwaye inokunyusa amandla oxinzelelo lwesitya. ngaphezulu kwama-40%.Ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo lomonakalo wokungqubana okufaniswayo kumgca wokuvelisa wokuzalisa, kubonakaliswe ukuba unokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kumgca wokuvelisa wokuzalisa iibhotile ze-1000 ngeyure.Ngokukodwa ngenxa yempembelelo ye-cushioning yefilimu ebusweni, ukuxhatshazwa kokutshatyalaliswa kwesitya seglasi ngexesha lokuthutha okanye ukuzaliswa kwentshukumo kuphuculwe kakhulu.Inokugqitywa ukuba ukuthandwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweteknoloji yokugqoka ifilimu, kunye nokukhanya koyilo lomzimba webhotile, kuya kuba yindlela ebalulekileyo yokwandisa imfuno yemarike yezikhongozeli zeglasi kwixesha elizayo.Ngokomzekelo, iNkampani yeglasi yaseJapan yaseYamamura ngo-1998 yaphuhlisa kwaye yavelisa imbonakalo yezikhongozeli zeglasi yeglasi ekhenkcezayo, iimvavanyo zokumelana neAlkali (ukuntywiliselwa kwisisombululo sealkali se-3% ngaphezulu kweyure e-1 kwi-70 ° C), ukumelana nemozulu (ukuvezwa okuqhubekayo. kwiiyure ezingama-60 ngaphandle) , ukuchithwa komonakalo (ukulinganisa ukuqhutyelwa kwemizuzu ye-10 kumgca wokuzalisa) kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-ultraviolet.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ifilimu yokwambathisa ineempawu ezintle.4. Ukuphuhliswa kwebhotile yeglasi yendalo.Uphando lubonisa ukuba yonke i-10% yokunyuka kwi-protein ye-glass yenkunkuma kwi-raw materials inokunciphisa amandla okunyibilika nge-2.5% kunye ne-3.5%.I-5% ye-CO 2 ekhutshwayo.Njengoko sonke siyazi, kunye nokunqongophala kwehlabathi jikelele kunye nefuthe elibi kakhulu lokutshisa i-greenhouse, ukugcina izixhobo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kunye nokunciphisa ukungcola njengomxholo oyintloko, umxholo wokwazisa ngokusingqongileyo ingqalelo kunye nokukhathazeka jikelele.Ke ngoko, abantu baya konga amandla kwaye banciphise ungcoliseko ukuba bachithe iglasi njengeyona mathiriyeli ikrwada yezikhongozeli zeglasi ezaziwa ngokuba “yibhotile yeglasi yendalo.“.Ngokuqinisekileyo, ingqiqo engqongqo "yeglasi yendalo", idinga umlinganiselo weglasi yenkunkuma ebalwa ngaphezu kwe-90%.Ukuze kuveliswe izikhongozeli zeglasi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezineglasi yenkunkuma njengeyona nto iphambili ekrwada, iingxaki eziphambili ekufuneka zisonjululwe yindlela yokususa izinto zangaphandle (ezifana nenkunkuma yesinyithi, inkunkuma ye-porcelain iziqwenga) ezixutywe kwiglasi yenkunkuma, kwaye indlela yokuphelisa amaqamza omoya kwiglasi.Okwangoku, uphando kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lwetekhnoloji ye-defoaming yokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yenkunkuma yeglasi yomgubo kunye nokunyibilika kobushushu obuphantsi ukuqonda ukuchongwa kunye nokupheliswa komzimba wangaphandle kungene kwinqanaba elisebenzayo.Iglasi yenkunkuma ehlaziyiweyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo ixutywe ngombala, ukwenzela ukuba ufumane umbala owanelisayo emva kokunyibilika, unokuthatyathwa kwinkqubo yokunyibilika ukongeza i-oxide yensimbi, iindlela zezinto eziphathekayo, ezifana nokongeza i-cobalt oxide ingenza i-glass light green, njl.Ukuveliswa kweglasi yezinto eziphilayo kuye kwaxhaswa kwaye kwakhuthazwa ngoorhulumente abahlukeneyo.Ngokukodwa, iJapan ithathe isimo sengqondo esisebenzayo kwimveliso ye-eco-glass.Ngo-1992, yanikezelwa yi-World Packaging Agency (WPO) yokuvelisa kunye nokuphunyezwa kwe-"ECO-GLASS" kunye ne-100% yeglasi yenkunkuma njengento ekrwada.Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, umlinganiselo "weglasi yendalo" usephantsi, nangona eJapan kuphela i-5% yomthamo opheleleyo weebhotile zeglasi.Isikhongozeli seglasi sisixhobo sokupakisha semveli esinembali ende, enxibelelene ngokusondeleyo nobomi babantu ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-300.Kukhuselekile ukusebenzisa, kulula ukuphinda kusetyenziswe, kwaye akusayi kungcolisa imixholo okanye iglasi.Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ekuqaleni kweli phepha, ijongene nemingeni enzima efana ne-polymer packaging materials, ngoko ke indlela yokomeleza imveliso yeglasi, ukwenza uphuhliso lweteknoloji entsha, ukunika umdlalo opheleleyo kwiingenelo zezikhongozelo zeglasi, ishishini leglasi leglasi lijongene ne umboniso omtsha.Ndiyathemba ukuba iindlela zobugcisa ezikhankanywe ngasentla, kwishishini, icandelo libonelela ngereferensi eluncedo.
Ixesha lokuposa: 11月-25-2020
