Kusukela ngawo-1990, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kabanzi kweziqukathi zepulasitiki, iphepha nezinye izinto, ikakhulukazi ukwanda okusheshayo kokusetshenziswa kweziqukathi ze-PET, iziqukathi zengilazi zendabuko, zihlangabezane nenselele enkulu.Ukuze silondoloze isikhundla saso emncintiswaneni onamandla wokusinda nezinye iziqukathi zezinto ezibonakalayo, njengomkhiqizi weziqukathi zengilazi, kuyadingeka ukuba sisebenzise ngokugcwele izinzuzo zeziqukathi zengilazi futhi sithuthukise ngokuqhubekayo ubuchwepheshe obusha obungaheha abathengi, ukuze yenze isebenze.Okulandelayo yisingeniso ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe balolu daba.Isiqukathi sengilazi esicacile, esingenambala, esisobala esivimba imisebe ye-ultraviolet.Isici esihluke kakhulu seziqukathi zengilazi, njengoba zihlukile kwamanye amathini noma iziqukathi zephepha, ukubonakala obala lapho okuqukethwe kungabonakala khona ngokucacile.Kodwa ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhanya kwangaphandle, nakho kulula kakhulu ukudlula esitsheni futhi kubangele ukuwohloka kokuqukethwe.Ngokwesibonelo, okuqukethwe ubhiya noma ezinye iziphuzo wachayeka elangeni isikhathi eside, kuzoveza iphunga ongaziwa futhi fade mkhuba.Kokuqukethwe ukuwohloka okubangelwa ukukhanya, okuyingozi kakhulu ubude begagasi be-280-400 nm ye-ultraviolet.Ekusetshenzisweni kweziqukathi zengilazi, okuqukethwe kubonisa ngokucacile umbala wakho wangempela phambi kwabathengi futhi kuyindlela ebalulekile yokubonisa izici zayo zempahla.Ngakho-ke, abasebenzisi beziqukathi zeglasi, kuthenjwa kakhulu ukuthi kuzoba nombala obala obala, futhi kungavimbela imisebe ye-ultraviolet yemikhiqizo emisha.Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, uhlobo lwengilazi ekhanyayo engenambala olubizwa ngokuthi i-UVAFlint ekwazi ukumunca i-ultraviolet (i-UVA isho ukuthi imunca i-ultraviolet, i-ultraviolet) iye yathuthukiswa muva nje.Yenziwa ngokungeza ama-oxide ensimbi akwazi ukumunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet engilazini ngakolunye uhlangothi, nokusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo umphumela ohambisanayo wombala, bese wengeza izinsimbi ezithile noma ama-oxide azo ukuze enze ingilazi enombala iphele.Njengamanje, ingilazi ye-UVA yokuhweba ngokuvamile yengezwa i-Vanadium Oxide (v 2O 5) , i-cerium oxide (Ce o 2) ama-oxide ensimbi amabili.Ngenxa yokuthi inani elincane kuphela le-vanadium oxide liyadingeka ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela oyifunayo, inqubo yokuncibilika idinga ithangi elikhethekile lokuphakelayo elengeziwe, elifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa kwezinga elincane.Ukudlulisa ukukhanya kwengilazi ye-UVA enogqinsi okungu-3.5 mm kanye nengilazi evamile kwathathwa ngokungahleliwe ku-330 nm wavelength.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ukudluliswa kwengilazi evamile kwakungama-60.6%, kanti okwengilazi ye-UVA kwakungama-2.5% kuphela.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okufiphalayo kwenziwa ngokufaka imisebe yamasampula e-pigment eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka afakwe engilazini evamile neziqukathi zengilazi ze-UVA ezinemisebe ye-ultraviolet engu-14.4 j/m2.Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi izinga lensalela yombala engilazini evamile lalingama-20% kuphela, futhi cishe akukho ukufiphala okutholakala engilazini ye-UVA.Ukuhlolwa kokuqhathanisa kuqinisekisile ukuthi ingilazi ye-UVA inomsebenzi wokumisa ukufiphala ngempumelelo.Ukuhlolwa kokushiswa kwemisebe yelanga ewayinini elifakwe ibhodlela lengilazi elijwayelekile kanye nebhodlela lengilazi le-UVA nakho kwabonisa ukuthi iwayini langaphambili lalinokushintshashintsha kombala kanye nokuwohloka kokunambitheka okukhulu kunaleli lakamuva.Okwesibili, i-Glass Container Pre-label Development, ilebula iwubuso bezimpahla, iwuphawu lwempahla ehlukene, iningi labathengi ukwahlulela inani lezimpahla ngalo.Ngakho-ke, ilebula kufanele ibe yinhle futhi ihehe.Kodwa isikhathi eside, abakhiqizi beziqukathi zengilazi bavame ukukhathazwa umsebenzi onzima njengokuphrinta ilebula, ukulebula noma ukuphathwa kwamalebula asensimini.Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, sinikeza ukunethezeka, manje abanye abakhiqizi beziqukathi zengilazi bazonamathiselwa noma amalebula aphrintiwe kusengaphambili esitsheni, abizwa ngokuthi “amalebula anamathiselwe ngaphambili.“.Ezitsheni zengilazi amalebula ananyathiselwe ngaphambilini ngokuvamile amalebula anwebekayo, amalebula anamathelayo namalebula okuphrinta aqondile, namalebula anamathelayo namalebula anamathela ukucindezela kanye namalebula anamathelayo angezwani nokushisa, amalebula.Ilebula yangaphambili ingamelana nenqubo yokufaka ukuhlanza, ukugcwalisa kanye nezinqubo zokuvala inzalo azilinyazwa, futhi kusize ukugaywa kabusha kweziqukathi, ingilazi ethile, izitsha zingaphulwa ukuze kuvinjelwe udoti ukundiza, nokusebenza kwebhafa.Isici selebula ye-pressure-adhesive ukuthi ukuba khona kwefilimu yelebula akuzwakali, futhi okuqukethwe kwelebula kuphela okuzoboniswa okungavela ebusweni besiqukathi njengokungathi ngendlela yokuphrinta eqondile.Kodwa-ke, izindleko zayo ziphezulu, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwelebula ye-adhesive yokucindezela kancane kukhuphuka mkhuba, kodwa akukakakhi imakethe enkulu.Isizathu esiyinhloko sentengo ephezulu yesitikha ukuthi izindleko ze-cardboard substrate ezisetshenziselwa isitikha ziphezulu futhi azikwazi ukugaywa kabusha.Kuze kube manje, i-Yamamura Glass Co., Ltd. iqala ucwaningo futhi ukuthuthukiswa akunjalo, ngelebula lokucindezela kwe-substrate.Okunye okudume kakhulu Ilebula LeSticky elizwela ukushisa, elake lashisisa nge-viscosity enhle.Ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kwe-adhesive ye-Lebula ezwela ukushisa, ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kwesitsha, kanye nendlela yokushisa, ukumelana nokugeza kwelebula kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi izindleko zehliswe kakhulu, zisetshenziswa emabhodleleni angu-300. ngomzuzu wokugcwalisa umugqa.Ilebula yangaphambi kwenduku ezwela ukushisa kanye nelebula ye-pressure stick ingabona ngokucacile okuqukethwe okuhlukahluka kakhulu, futhi inezici zezindleko eziphansi, ingakwazi ukumelana nokuhlikihlwa ngaphandle kokulimala, futhi ingakwazi ukumelana nokwelashwa okubandayo ngemva kokunamathela.Ilebula enamathelayo engezwani nokushisa enogqinsi olungama-38 m PET resin, eyenziwe, lapho enamathiselwe nge-adhesive esebenzayo enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa.Azikho izinguquko ezingavamile ezitholakele ngemva kokuba amalebula ecwiliswe emanzini angu-11 °C izinsuku ezingu-3, afakwe i-pasteurized ku-73 °C imizuzu engu-30 futhi abiliswe ku-100 °C imizuzu engu-30.Ingaphezulu lelebula lingaphrintwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene, noma liphrintwe ohlangothini olungemuva, ukuze kugwenywe ukungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokuthutha kanye nokulimala endaweni yokuphrinta.Ukusetshenziswa kwale lebula yangaphambili kulindeleke ukuthi kwandise kakhulu isidingo semakethe samabhodlela engilazi.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa kwefilimu efakwe esitsheni sengilazi.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemakethe, amakhasimende amaningi esitsha sezingilazi ayanda abeke izidingo zeqoqo ezihlukahlukene, ezinemisebenzi eminingi nezincane kumbala, ukuma kanye nelebula lesiqukathi, njengombala wesiqukathi, zombili lezi zidingo zingakwazi bonisa ukubukeka komehluko, kodwa futhi ukuvimbela ukulimala kwe-UV kokuqukethwe.Amabhodlela kabhiya angaba Tan, aluhlaza noma abe mnyama ukuze avimbe imisebe ye-UV futhi azuze ukubukeka okuhlukile.Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokwenza iziqukathi zengilazi, umbala owodwa uyinkimbinkimbi, kanti omunye ugcwele ingilazi yemfucuza yemibala exubile akulula ukuyibuyisela kabusha.Ngenxa yalokho, abenzi bezingilazi bebelokhu befuna ukunciphisa izinhlobonhlobo zemibala yengilazi.Ukuze ufeze lo mgomo, isitsha sengilazi esihlanganiswe nefilimu ye-polymer ebusweni besitsha seglasi sakhiqizwa.Ifilimu ingenziwa ibe imibala ehlukahlukene kanye nokubukeka komumo, njengokuma kwengilazi ephansi, ukuze ingilazi inciphise ukuhlukahluka kwemibala.Uma i-coating ikwazi ukumunca ifilimu ye-polymerization ye-UV, iziqukathi zengilazi zingenziwa zibe sobala ezingenambala, ukudlala kungabona ngokucacile izinzuzo zokuqukethwe.Ugqinsi lwefilimu enama-polymer luyi-5-20 M, olungaphazamisi ukugaywa kabusha kweziqukathi zengilazi.Ngoba umbala isitsha ingilazi kunqunywa umbala ifilimu, ngisho noma zonke izinhlobo ingilazi ephukile exutshwe ndawonye, futhi akuvimbeli recycling, kanjalo kungaba ngcono kakhulu izinga recycling, kunenzuzo kakhulu ekuvikelweni imvelo.Isitsha sengilazi yefilimu eboshiwe sinezinzuzo ezilandelayo: singavimbela umonakalo ongaphezulu webhodlela lengilazi okubangelwa ukushayisana nokungqubuzana phakathi kweziqukathi, singamboza isitsha sengilazi sokuqala, umonakalo omncane, futhi singandisa amandla okucindezela esitsheni. ngaphezu kwama-40%.Ngokuhlolwa kokulimala kokushayisana okufanisiwe emgqeni wokukhiqiza wokugcwalisa, kufakazelwa ukuthi kungasetshenziswa ngokuphepha emgqeni wokukhiqiza wokugcwalisa amabhodlela ayi-1000 ngehora.Ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomphumela wokunciphisa wefilimu ebusweni, ukumelana nokushaqeka kwesitsha seglasi ngesikhathi sokuthutha noma ukunyakaza kokugcwalisa kuthuthukiswa kakhulu.Kungaphethwa ngokuthi ukuthandwa nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe befilimu yokumboza, kanye nokukhanya komklamo womzimba webhodlela, kuzoba yindlela ebalulekile yokwandisa isidingo semakethe seziqukathi zengilazi esikhathini esizayo.Isibonelo, i-Yamamura Glass Company yaseJapan ngo-1998 yathuthukisa futhi yakhiqiza ukubukeka kweziqukathi zengilazi ezifakwe ingilazi efakwe ingilazi, ukuhlolwa kokumelana ne-Alkali (ukucwiliswa kusixazululo se-alkali esingu-3% isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora elingu-1 ku-70 ° C), ukumelana nesimo sezulu (ukuchayeka okuqhubekayo. amahora angu-60 ngaphandle) , ukuchithwa komonakalo (okulingiswa ukugijima imizuzu engu-10 emgqeni wokugcwalisa) kanye nokudluliswa kwe-ultraviolet kwenziwa.Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ifilimu yokumboza inezindawo ezinhle.4. Ukuthuthukiswa kwebhodlela lengilazi yemvelo.Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi njalo ngo-10% ukwanda kwenani lengilazi engcolile ezintweni ezingavuthiwe kunganciphisa amandla okuncibilika ngo-2.5% no-3.5%.5% wokukhishwa kwe-CO 2.Njengoba sonke sazi, ngokuntuleka kwezinsiza emhlabeni wonke kanye nomphumela okhulayo we-greenhouse, ukusindisa izinsiza, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa nokunciphisa ukungcola njengokuqukethwe okuyinhloko, okuqukethwe kokuqwashisa kwemvelo ukunakwa nokukhathazeka kwendawo yonke.Ngakho-ke, abantu bazokonga kokubili amandla futhi banciphise ukungcola bachithe ingilazi njengempahla eyinhloko yeziqukathi zengilazi ezaziwa ngokuthi “ibhodlela lengilazi lemvelo.“.Yiqiniso, umqondo oqinile we "ingilazi yemvelo" , idinga ingxenye yengilazi yemfucuza ebalwe ngaphezu kwe-90%.Ukuze kukhiqizwe iziqukathi zengilazi ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinengilazi ewudoti njengeyona nto esemqoka esetshenziswayo, izinkinga ezibalulekile okufanele zixazululwe yindlela yokususa izinto zangaphandle (ezifana nensimbi ewudoti, izingcezu ze-porcelain) ezixutshwe engilazini yemfucuza, kanye indlela yokuqeda ama-bubbles emoyeni engilazini.Njengamanje, ucwaningo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokunciphisa amagwebu obunomfutho ophansi bokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-waste glass powder kanye nokuncibilika kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi ukuze kubonakale ukuhlonza nokuqedwa komzimba wangaphandle kungene esigabeni esisebenzayo.Ingilazi yemfucuza egaywe kabusha ngokungangabazeki ixubene nombala, ukuze uthole umbala owanelisayo ngemva kokuncibilika, ingathathwa inqubo yokuncibilika ukuze ungeze i-oxide yensimbi, izindlela zezinto ezibonakalayo, njengokwengeza i-cobalt oxide ingenza ingilazi ikhanye eluhlaza, njll.Ukukhiqizwa kwengilazi yemvelo kuye kwasekelwa futhi kwakhuthazwa ohulumeni abahlukahlukene.Ikakhulukazi, iJapane ithathe isimo sengqondo esisebenzayo ekukhiqizeni i-eco-glass.Ngo-1992, yaklonyeliswa yi-World Packaging Agency (WPO) ngokukhiqiza nokusebenzisa i-“ECO-GLASS” ngengilazi engu-100% yemfucuza njengento eluhlaza.Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, ingxenye "yengilazi yemvelo" isaphansi, ngisho naseJapane ibalwa kuphela i-5% yenani eliphelele leziqukathi zeglasi.Isitsha sengilazi siyinto evamile yokupakisha enomlando omude, osekuhlobene kakhulu nempilo yabantu iminyaka engaphezu kuka-300.Kuphephile ukusebenzisa, kulula ukugaywa kabusha, futhi ngeke kungcolise okuqukethwe noma ingilazi.Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwaleli phepha, ibhekene nezinselele ezinzima ezifana nezinto zokupakisha ze-polymer, ngakho-ke indlela yokuqinisa ukukhiqizwa kwengilazi, ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, ukunikeza ukudlala okugcwele izinzuzo zeziqukathi zeglasi, imboni yesitsha seglasi ibhekene ne- udaba olusha.Ngethemba ukuthi amathrendi ezobuchwepheshe ashiwo ngenhla, embonini, umkhakha uzohlinzeka ngereferensi ewusizo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: 11月-25-2020
